What Do British People Call Fries? + Popular Terms


What Do British People Call Fries? + Popular Terms

In the UK, the time period for fried strips of potato, generally often known as “fries” in the US, is “chips.” As an illustration, one would possibly order “fish and chips” at a restaurant, referring to fried fish accompanied by the aforementioned fried potato strips.

This distinction is critical because it highlights a key distinction in culinary terminology between British and American English. Understanding this distinction is helpful for clear communication when discussing meals, notably in worldwide contexts. Traditionally, “chips” have been a staple of British delicacies, evolving right into a extensively consumed and available meals merchandise.

The rest of this dialogue will delve deeper into the cultural significance of those “chips,” inspecting their preparation strategies, regional variations, and function in British culinary traditions.

1. Chips

The hyperlink between “chips” and the query of “what do British individuals name fries” is one in every of direct equivalence. “Chips” are the reply. This seemingly easy equation belies a deeper cultural resonance. Image a drizzly Friday night in a coastal British city. The aroma of vinegar and salt hangs within the air, emanating from the native “chippy.” The paper-wrapped parcel, heavy with steaming chips, is handed over. This isn’t merely the acquisition of fried potatoes; it is an embodiment of a practice, a cultural touchstone. The chips, thick-cut and sometimes barely softer than their American counterparts, are the very factor being sought when inquiring concerning the British time period for fries. Their prominence in dishes like “fish and chips,” a nationwide dish, solidifies their place because the definitive reply. Misunderstanding this time period can result in confusion, even amusement, amongst native British audio system. Ordering “fries” in some institutions would possibly end in a quizzical look, or worse, skinny, McDonald’s-style fries, a far cry from the specified hearty chips.

The significance of “chips” extends past simply nomenclature. The preparation strategies, the accompanying condiments (malt vinegar, curry sauce), and the cultural context all contribute to the distinctive British chip expertise. Regional variations exist too, with some areas favoring thicker cuts or particular potato varieties. Moreover, the historic context is essential. “Chips” emerged as a working-class staple in industrial Britain, offering an inexpensive and filling meal. This historical past is woven into the material of British society, making the time period “chips” way over only a synonym for “fries.” It is a image of heritage and a culinary id marker.

In abstract, “chips” isn’t just what British individuals name fries; it is a cultural shorthand, loaded with historical past and custom. Understanding this connection is important for anybody looking for to navigate British culinary landscapes or have interaction in significant conversations about meals. The problem lies not simply in remembering the time period, however in appreciating the cultural weight it carries. This understanding bridges a transatlantic linguistic hole and fosters a deeper appreciation for the nuances of British tradition.

2. Potato strips

The standard potato strip, when deep-fried and served sizzling, occupies a vital place in understanding what constitutes the British time period for “fries.” One would possibly envision a Nineteenth-century market stall in London, a bustling scene the place fried fish wrapped in newspaper was a standard sight. Alongside that fish, a beneficiant portion of exactly reduce potato strips accomplished the meal. These strips, cooked till golden brown and generously salted, represented not merely a aspect dish, however an integral part of a bigger culinary expertise. The very essence of what the British name “chips” resides in these ready potato strips. Their preparation the choice of potato selection, the thickness of the reduce, the temperature of the oil all contribute to the ultimate product that differentiates them from their American counterparts. With out these expertly ready potato strips, the dish would stop to be “chips” within the British understanding.

Take into account the influence of those potato strips past the plate. Think about a British household gathering, maybe on the seaside. The anticipation of a takeaway meal of fish and “chips” hangs within the air. The potato strips, crisp on the skin and fluffy inside, are consumed with gusto, usually accompanied by malt vinegar. This communal expertise reinforces the cultural significance of the dish. Moreover, the financial function of potato strips shouldn’t be underestimated. Chip retailers, usually family-run companies, have lengthy been a fixture of British cities and cities, offering employment and contributing to the native economic system. The persistently excessive demand for well-prepared potato strips ensures the continued viability of those institutions.

In conclusion, the correlation between potato strips and the British terminology for “fries” is one in every of basic significance. The ready potato strip kinds the very basis of what’s understood as “chips” in British tradition. From its historic roots to its modern significance as a staple meals, the potato strip is greater than only a part; it’s the core ingredient defining this important piece of British culinary id. Understanding this important connection aids comprehension and efficient communication throughout the context of British meals tradition.

3. Fish accompaniment

The North Sea wind whipped towards the cobbled streets of Whitby, carrying the briny scent of the ocean. A small boy, no older than seven, clutched a paper-wrapped parcel tightly, its heat radiating by his skinny gloves. Inside lay a Friday evening custom: fish and chips. However extra particularly, the main focus rests on the latter. The fried fish, flaky and golden, was unquestionably the star, however the accompanying chips have been removed from a mere afterthought. They have been the steadfast anchor, the textural counterpoint to the fragile fish, the absorbent for the tang of malt vinegar. These chips, identified elsewhere as “fries,” weren’t only a aspect; they have been an important, inseparable a part of the expertise. The inquiry “what do British individuals name fries” finds a considerable a part of its reply on this very relationship. To contemplate “chips” with out their ubiquitous pairing with fish is to overlook a vital piece of the puzzle. The British appreciation for this particular reduce, thickness, and preparation of fried potato is inextricably linked to its function as the best “fish accompaniment.”

The success of numerous “chippies” throughout the British Isles hinges on this symbiotic relationship. Generations have perfected the artwork of frying each fish and chips, understanding the exact steadiness of textures and flavors that create the right concord. A soggy chip alongside a greasy piece of fish is an unforgivable sin in British culinary circles. The expectation is for a crisp exterior giving approach to a fluffy inside, a automobile for salt, vinegar, and sometimes, a dollop of tartar sauce. Even the regional variations in chip preparation mirror this want for the best fish accompaniment. Thicker cuts, frequent within the north, are designed to resist the heavier batter of haddock, whereas thinner chips would possibly higher complement the fragile flesh of plaice within the south. The very existence of the chip store, an establishment in British cities, is a testomony to the enduring attraction of this fried duo. With out the fish, the chips would lose a good portion of their cultural and culinary significance.

Finally, the connection between the British time period for fries and its function as a “fish accompaniment” is one in every of historic and cultural significance. “Chips” usually are not merely fried potatoes; they’re an important companion in a nationwide culinary treasure. Understanding this relationship clarifies not solely the terminology but in addition the deeper cultural values related to meals in Britain. To actually grasp what British individuals name fries, one should first respect the elemental function they play alongside a superbly fried piece of fish, a practice handed down by generations, rain or shine.

4. Culinary distinction

The time period for “fries” in Britain extends past a mere linguistic distinction; it embodies a “culinary distinction,” a refined but important divergence on the planet of meals. Think about a vacationer, not too long ago arrived in London, confidently ordering “fries” at a standard pub. The bartender, maybe barely bemused, would possibly politely appropriate, “You imply chips, love?” This easy change highlights extra than simply vocabulary. The “chips” provided are doubtless thicker, usually much less crisp than the American “fries,” and served with a beneficiant splash of malt vinegar. This isn’t a easy translation; it’s an introduction to a special culinary heritage.

This “culinary distinction” is rooted in historical past and custom. Whereas the precise origins are debated, “chips” have been a staple of British working-class delicacies for the reason that mid-Nineteenth century. They have been low-cost, filling, and available. This accessibility cast a powerful cultural connection, elevating “chips” past a mere aspect dish. Distinction this with the American “fry,” which, whereas additionally common, has arguably been extra influenced by fast-food tradition and sometimes offered in a extra uniform, thinner format. The British “chip” retains a sure rustic attraction, a connection to its humble beginnings, contributing to a definite taste profile and consuming expertise. The presence of “chip retailers,” usually family-run institutions handed down by generations, additional solidifies this distinction. They don’t seem to be merely promoting fried potatoes; they’re preserving a culinary legacy.

In abstract, understanding what British individuals name “fries” requires acknowledging the “culinary distinction” that separates them. Its not nearly vocabulary; it is about appreciating the historic, cultural, and gustatory variations that make “chips” a uniquely British culinary expertise. The refined variations in preparation, presentation, and cultural context all contribute to a divergence that deserves recognition and appreciation. This understanding enriches not just one’s culinary vocabulary but in addition one’s appreciation for the various world of meals and its cultural significance.

5. British English

The query, “what do British individuals name fries,” is essentially answered by the nuances of “British English.” The divergence between American and British lexicon, born from geographical separation and distinct cultural evolutions, manifests clearly within the terminology of on a regular basis meals objects. The existence of the time period “chips” to indicate what Individuals seek advice from as “fries” stems immediately from the distinctive linguistic panorama of Britain. It isn’t merely a special phrase; its a mirrored image of a broader sample of lexical variance throughout the English language itself. An American vacationer ordering “fries” in a London pub is perhaps met with a well mannered correction, or maybe a second of confusion, earlier than the supposed that means is deciphered. This exemplifies the sensible significance of understanding these linguistic nuances. The trigger is the impartial evolution of language on completely different continents; the impact is the creation of distinct phrases for a similar object.

Take into account the importance of regional dialects inside “British English” itself. Whereas “chips” is the commonly accepted time period, refined variations exist throughout the UK. A customer to Scotland would possibly encounter “chippie sauce” – a selected mix of brown sauce loved particularly with “chips.” This regional variation additional underscores the deep integration of “chips” throughout the cultural cloth of the nation. Furthermore, the historical past of the phrase itself is intertwined with the event of “British English.” The time period “chip” has been used to explain small items of meals for hundreds of years, lengthy earlier than the appearance of the trendy deep-fried potato. Its utility to the fried potato strip represents a continuation of this historic utilization inside a particular linguistic context. This historic depth strengthens the argument for recognizing the time period as a real and deeply rooted ingredient of “British English.”

In conclusion, the British time period for “fries” “chips” is inseparable from the broader understanding of “British English.” Its existence is a direct consequence of the impartial linguistic improvement of Britain. Acknowledging this connection permits for improved communication and a deeper appreciation of the cultural significance embedded inside language. The challenges of cross-cultural communication are diminished by recognizing and respecting these lexical variations, selling a higher understanding of the world’s various cultures.

6. Linguistic variation

The story begins with a easy potato, sliced and submerged in sizzling oil. The tip product, nevertheless, boasts two names, a transparent testomony to “linguistic variation.” On one aspect of the Atlantic, it is called “fries,” a ubiquitous aspect dish present in numerous institutions. Throughout the ocean, a special descriptor reigns: “chips.” This distinction isn’t arbitrary. It’s a direct consequence of the impartial paths cast by American and British English. The story of “what do British individuals name fries” is, subsequently, inherently intertwined with the broader narrative of diverging languages. The cultural and historic elements that formed the 2 nations additionally formed their respective vocabularies. The “chips” versus “fries” debate, whereas seemingly trivial, encapsulates the huge and complicated world of “linguistic variation.” It’s a microcosm of the linguistic forces at play on a worldwide scale.

Take into account the hypothetical state of affairs of a British expatriate visiting the US. A easy order of “fish and chips” at a diner would possibly elicit confusion, or worse, the arrival of thinly reduce French fries, a far cry from the thick-cut “chips” they have been anticipating. This sensible instance underscores the importance of “linguistic variation.” The misunderstanding stems not from a lack of expertise of English, however from a failure to acknowledge the precise vocabulary utilized in a selected cultural context. “Linguistic variation,” on this case, acts as a barrier to efficient communication. Conversely, understanding this variation facilitates smoother interactions and reduces the potential for misinterpretations. Recognizing that “chips” are what British individuals name fries prevents culinary disappointments and fosters a higher appreciation for the nuances of language.

The story concludes with a easy but highly effective message: language is a dynamic and ever-evolving entity. “Linguistic variation” isn’t an issue to be solved however a phenomenon to be understood and appreciated. The divergence in terminology, exemplified by the “chips” versus “fries” instance, highlights the richness and complexity of the English language. Recognizing and respecting these variations is essential for efficient communication in an more and more interconnected world. Whereas the potato stays the identical, its identify serves as a continuing reminder of the various and engaging tapestry of human language.

7. Cultural significance

The phrase “what do British individuals name fries” transcends a mere lexical question; it unlocks a portal into the “cultural significance” embedded inside a easy dish. To know the British time period requires appreciation for its function in shaping nationwide id and each day life.

  • Friday Night time Custom

    Generations of households have adhered to the ritual of fish and chips on Friday evenings. This weekly occasion, usually stemming from non secular observances (abstaining from meat), advanced right into a secular custom, solidifying “chips” as an emblem of familial bonding and group. The native “chippy,” steadily a family-run institution, turns into a social hub, a spot the place information is exchanged and group ties are strengthened. The straightforward act of consuming “chips” turns into a shared expertise, a reaffirmation of cultural id.

  • Working Class Roots

    The story of “chips” is inextricably linked to the commercial revolution and the rise of the working class. Offering an inexpensive and filling meal, chips grew to become a dietary staple for laborers in quickly rising city facilities. The proliferation of “chip retailers” provided a available supply of sustenance, contributing to the dietary wants of a burgeoning inhabitants. This historic affiliation imbued “chips” with a way of practicality and resilience, reflecting the values of the working class.

  • Seaside Heritage

    British seaside resorts usually evoke pictures of windswept promenades and the distinct aroma of fried meals. “Chips,” loved recent from the fryer, change into an integral a part of the seaside expertise. The act of consuming “chips” whereas overlooking the ocean turns into a sensory reminiscence, endlessly associating the dish with holidays and leisure. This affiliation elevates “chips” past mere sustenance, remodeling them into symbols of rest and delight.

  • Culinary Id Marker

    Whereas globalization has launched an unlimited array of cuisines to Britain, “chips” stay a distinctly British meals merchandise. Their distinctive preparation strategies, usually involving thicker cuts and a choice for particular potato varieties, differentiate them from their worldwide counterparts. The accompanying condiments, corresponding to malt vinegar or curry sauce, additional improve their distinctive taste profile. “Chips,” subsequently, function a culinary id marker, a readily identifiable image of British delicacies.

These sides of “cultural significance” illustrate that “what do British individuals name fries” isn’t merely a matter of semantics. The time period “chips” carries with it a weight of historical past, custom, and shared experiences, reflecting a deep integration throughout the cloth of British society. The straightforward query unlocks a wealthy tapestry of cultural that means, revealing the profound connection between meals and id.

8. Meals terminology

The phrase “what do British individuals name fries” is greater than a easy query; it serves as an entry level into the fascinating realm of “meals terminology,” a panorama the place linguistic selections mirror cultural id and historic precedent. The variations in how nations identify their dishes usually conceal deeper narratives about their previous and their relationship with meals.

  • Regional Variations

    The affect of native dialects and regional preferences is an important side of meals terminology. Take into account, for instance, the existence of varied phrases for related varieties of bread or pastries throughout completely different areas of Britain. Equally, the very definition of “chips” would possibly differ barely relying on the placement, with some areas favoring thicker cuts or particular potato varieties. This regional specificity underscores the intimate connection between language and native tradition, including layers of complexity to the apparently easy query of what “fries” are referred to as.

  • Historic Evolution

    Meals names usually bear the marks of their historic origins. The time period “chips,” as utilized to fried potatoes, carries echoes of its previous as an inexpensive and accessible meals supply for the working courses in industrial Britain. Over time, the identify grew to become firmly established within the lexicon, solidifying its cultural significance. Tracing the etymology of “chips” and its evolution alongside modifications in British society reveals the profound influence of historical past on the way in which we describe and perceive our meals.

  • Cultural Id

    Meals terminology serves as a strong marker of cultural id, distinguishing one nation’s culinary traditions from one other’s. The selection to name fried potatoes “chips” moderately than “fries” turns into an act of linguistic self-assertion, a means of affirming British culinary heritage. That is additional strengthened by the distinctive preparation strategies and accompanying condiments, which contribute to a definite taste profile. The act of utilizing particular phrases reinforces a way of belonging and shared cultural understanding.

  • Transatlantic Divergence

    The variations in meals terminology between Britain and America symbolize a captivating case examine in linguistic divergence. The geographical separation and distinct cultural evolutions led to the event of separate vocabularies, even for related meals objects. This transatlantic divide highlights the impartial paths taken by the English language in several components of the world, leading to refined but important variations in how we describe and perceive the world round us. The “chips” versus “fries” debate turns into a microcosm of the broader variations between British and American cultures.

These facets of “meals terminology” assist make clear why the British time period for “fries” is a lot greater than only a completely different phrase. The time period “chips” comes loaded with historical past and cultural weight. Recognizing these sides permits not only a higher grasp of language however a deeper appreciation for the nuances of the wealthy tapestry of tradition and language.

9. Transatlantic time period

The search to know what British individuals name fries inevitably results in a consideration of terminology that bridges the Atlantic. The variations between “fries” and the British equal, are symptomatic of a broader linguistic divide, reflecting differing cultural and historic influences on language.

  • Lexical Divergence

    The phrase “chips,” to indicate fried strips of potato, represents a main instance of lexical divergence between British and American English. This time period, deeply entrenched in British culinary tradition, immediately contrasts with the American “fries,” a more moderen time period. The selection of 1 time period over the opposite is not arbitrary, however an consequence of separate linguistic evolutions, every influenced by its personal distinct cultural context. This distinction isn’t merely semantic; it marks the divergence of two branches of the identical linguistic tree.

  • Culinary Id

    The “transatlantic time period” highlights variations in culinary traditions. Ordering “fries” in London might end in a quizzical look or the arrival of thinner potato strips than anticipated. Conversely, requesting “chips” in New York would doubtless elicit related confusion. The phrases aren’t interchangeable. They evoke particular culinary experiences and expectations tied to the origin nation. This underscores how deeply language is related with cultural id, utilizing meals as a tangible marker of nationwide distinction.

  • Potential for Misunderstanding

    The variations in the usage of the phrases “chips” and “fries” current a possible for miscommunication. Vacationers and people interacting throughout the Atlantic want to pay attention to these distinctions. Understanding the time period “chips” is important to order the specified dish and avoids potential misunderstandings. It’s not merely about realizing the proper phrase. It’s about understanding the underlying cultural context wherein the time period is used.

  • International Affect

    The unfold of American fast-food tradition has launched the time period “fries” to some components of the world, even influencing areas that historically used different phrases for the dish. Nevertheless, in Britain, the time period “chips” stays dominant, a testomony to its enduring cultural significance. The connection between “chips” and “fries” on this context displays the broader interaction between globalization and cultural preservation, with the domestically important time period withstanding exterior affect.

In summation, exploring the transatlantic implications of “what do British individuals name fries” highlights the complicated interaction between language, tradition, and historical past. The seemingly easy query exposes a complete world of culinary id, potential for misunderstanding, and ongoing forces of linguistic and cultural change.

Regularly Requested Questions

Navigating the nuances of transatlantic vocabulary can usually current surprising challenges. The next part addresses frequent queries relating to the British time period for fried potato strips, providing readability and contextual understanding.

Query 1: Is “fries” ever utilized in Britain?

The story is advised of a bewildered vacationer, recent off the aircraft in London, who confidently ordered “fries” at an area pub. Whereas not fully incorrect, the request was met with a slight pause and a delicate correction: “You imply chips, love?” The time period “fries” is known, notably in institutions catering to vacationers or these influenced by American fast-food chains. Nevertheless, its utilization is rare and will mark the speaker as a non-native.

Query 2: Are British “chips” the identical as American “fries”?

Image two plates, every piled excessive with golden potato strips. At first look, they may seem an identical. Nevertheless, nearer inspection reveals refined but important variations. British “chips” are typically thicker reduce, providing a softer, usually much less crisp inside. American “fries,” in distinction, are steadily thinner and crisper, reflecting completely different preparation strategies and cultural preferences.

Query 3: Why do the British name them “chips”?

The reply lies buried throughout the annals of linguistic historical past. The time period “chip,” referring to a small, skinny piece of one thing, has been utilized in Britain for hundreds of years. Its utility to fried potatoes doubtless emerged as a pure extension of this present utilization. The American time period “fries,” alternatively, gained prominence alongside the rise of fast-food tradition in the US, representing a extra fashionable linguistic improvement.

Query 4: What ought to I order if I would like skinny, crispy fries in Britain?

The traveler finds oneself in a predicament: a craving for skinny, crispy fried potatoes in a land the place “chips” reign supreme. The answer usually lies in looking for out American-style fast-food institutions or particularly requesting “skinny fries,” although the latter time period isn’t universally acknowledged. Be ready, nevertheless, to obtain a dish which will differ barely from the American commonplace.

Query 5: Does the time period “chips” produce other meanings in Britain?

The phrase “chips” can result in confusion. Sure, it serves because the time period for fried potatoes, however context is the important thing. The phrase additionally describes wooden chips, pc chips, poker chips and, and different small items of one thing. Thus, one should learn the language in its correct context.

Query 6: Is it impolite to make use of the phrase “fries” in Britain?

One ought to word the customs, however it’s typically not rude to say “fries,” it merely may have some clarifying. Most individuals will perceive what the consumer is referring to, however as famous earlier than it might trigger confusion.

In conclusion, the nuances surrounding the British time period for fried potato strips prolong past easy vocabulary. Appreciating the historic, cultural, and culinary context is important for clear communication and avoiding potential misunderstandings.

The following part will delve into associated culinary terminologies, additional increasing one’s understanding of transatlantic linguistic variations.

Navigating the British Culinary Panorama

The trail of culinary exploration, notably when traversing transatlantic divides, requires greater than only a dictionary. It calls for a sensitivity to nuance and a willingness to embrace cultural variations. When the question, “what do British individuals name fries” arises, the following pointers present sensible steerage for navigating British culinary conventions.

Tip 1: Embrace “Chips” because the Default Time period.

Take into account the traveler, armed with American vocabulary, getting into a standard British pub. Ordering “fries” would possibly elicit a well mannered correction or a momentary pause. To keep away from this, merely use the phrase “chips” when referring to fried potato strips. This demonstrates respect for native linguistic customs and ensures a smoother transaction. Assume “chips” except particularly offered with an American-themed menu.

Tip 2: Perceive the Texture Expectation.

Think about biting into a superbly cooked British “chip.” The expertise is commonly distinct from that of an American “fry.” Count on a thicker reduce, a softer inside, and a barely much less crispy exterior. This isn’t a culinary flaw however a deliberate selection, reflecting completely different preparation strategies and taste profiles. Regulate expectations accordingly and respect the distinctive texture of the British “chip.”

Tip 3: Discover Condiment Choices Past Ketchup.

Observe the seasoned diner at a British “chippy.” Ketchup could also be out there, however a wider vary of condiments awaits. Malt vinegar is a quintessential accompaniment, providing a tangy counterpoint to the richness of the “chips.” Curry sauce, a well-liked selection in some areas, provides a savory and barely candy dimension. Discover these options to reinforce the British “chip” expertise.

Tip 4: Search Out Regional Variations.

Image a journey throughout the British Isles, every area providing a singular tackle the standard “chip.” Some areas favor thicker cuts, whereas others desire particular potato varieties. In Scotland, “chippie sauce” reigns supreme, whereas within the north of England, gravy is a standard addition. Be open to those regional variations, embracing the variety of British culinary traditions.

Tip 5: Acknowledge the Social Context.

Recall the picture of a household gathered round a seaside desk, sharing a paper-wrapped portion of “chips.” This isn’t merely a meal however a social ritual. “Chips” are sometimes loved in casual settings, as a takeaway deal with or a fast snack. Understanding this social context provides a layer of appreciation to the culinary expertise.

Tip 6: Differentiate from “Crisps”.

Distinguish between “chips” (fried potatoes) and “crisps” (potato chips). Each are the product of potato, however in a special type. “Crisps” could be what is called potato chips for the individuals.

By embracing the following pointers, one can navigate the British culinary panorama with higher confidence and understanding. The straightforward query of “what do British individuals name fries” turns into a gateway to a deeper appreciation for cultural nuances and culinary traditions.

The succeeding part will supply concluding ideas on the cultural significance surrounding “chips,” emphasizing the significance of respectful communication when discussing meals throughout cultures.

Concluding Ideas

The journey to know the British designation for fried potato strips has ventured far past mere lexical substitution. The narrative has encompassed historical past, tradition, and the refined artwork of transatlantic communication. “Chips,” it has been proven, symbolize greater than a special time period for “fries.” It is a cultural identifier, a nod to working-class roots, a shared Friday evening ritual, and a style of the British seaside. To easily translate “fries” to “chips” is to overlook the wealthy tapestry of that means woven into the very cloth of British society.

Due to this fact, the ultimate lesson rests not in memorizing a synonym, however in cultivating a deeper appreciation for linguistic and cultural range. The world is a group of distinct voices, every formed by distinctive histories and traditions. By embracing these variations, by pausing to think about the load of a single phrase, it fosters higher understanding and connection. The story of “what do British individuals name fries” serves as a delicate reminder: Language isn’t just a software for communication; it’s a window into the soul of a tradition. Proceed to discover, proceed to query, and let the ability of language bridge the distances between worlds.

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